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      "label": "才，对全人类有了非凡的贡献。除了爱因斯坦和弗洛伊德这些知名人物，",
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      "label": "一直到19世纪和20世纪，我们才看到犹太人在现代科学方面大展长",
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      "label": "科学界所有诺贝尔奖得主约有20%是犹太人(虽然犹太人占世界人口的比",
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      "label": "例不到.%)。“但应该强调的是，这些是个别犹太人自身的贡献，而不能",
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      "label": "归功于犹太教的宗教或文化。在过去200年间，大多数重要的犹太科学家",
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      "label": "都不是在犹太宗教领域里有所成就的。事实上，犹太人就是在放弃了犹太",
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      "label": "初等学校(yeshiva)",
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      "label": "在公元1800年前，犹太人对科学的影响十分有限。对中国、印度或",
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      "label": "玛雅文明的科学进步，犹太人当然影响并不大。而在欧洲和中东，虽然",
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    {
      "label": "迈蒙尼德(Maimonides)",
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      "label": "体来说，犹太人的影响力大致上就是与人口比例相当。而在16~18世纪，",
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      "label": "犹太教对科学革命来说算不上有什么重要性。除了斯宾诺莎(Sp",
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      "label": "因为惹了麻烦而被犹太社群驱逐出教会)之外，几乎找不到哪个犹太人",
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    {
      "label": "对催生现代物理学、化学、生物学或社会科学有至关重要的作用。我们",
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      "label": "并不知道爱因斯坦的祖先在伽利略和牛顿的时代做了什么，但很可能他",
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    {
      "label": "们更有兴趣研究《塔木德》，而不是光。",
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      "label": "一直到19世纪和20世纪，世俗化和犹太启蒙运动让许多犹太人接",
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      "label": "纳了非犹太人邻居的世界观和生活方式，才产生了巨大的变化。接下来，",
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      "label": "犹太学者开始进人德国、法国和美国等国家的大学和研究中心，把来自",
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      "label": "犹太社区和村庄里的重要文化遗产发扬光大。犹太科学家之所以成就非",
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      "label": "凡，原因之一就在于犹太文化极为重视教育。至于其他因素，还包括这",
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    {
      "label": "个受迫害的少数族群希望证明自己的价值，以及其他组织(例如军队和",
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