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      "label": "项几乎不可能完成的任务。来自贫民窟的非洲裔美国人，即使一心想融",
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      "label": "入美国文化，也可能遭遇体制性歧视，而且还可能被指控为自己不够努",
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    {
      "label": "力，只能怪自己。",
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      "label": "从生物学出发与从文化出发还有第二个关键区别：传统的种族主义",
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    {
      "label": "就是一种偏见，但文化主义者的主张偶尔也有道理，就像前面列举的热",
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      "label": "国与冷国的例子。热国人和冷国人确确实实拥有不同的文化，特别是应",
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    },
    {
      "label": "对人际关系问题的方式不同。许多企业都很看重人际关系，如果某个来",
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      "label": "自冷国的员工依照自己的文化传承行事，并因此遭到所属热国企业的惩",
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    {
      "label": "罚，那么这家企业的做法有没有伦理问题?",
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    {
      "label": "人类学家、社会学家和历史学家都对这个议题非常不安。一方面，",
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    {
      "label": "这听起来和种族主义相似到令人心惊。另一方面，文化主义的科学基础",
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    {
      "label": "比种族主义更为稳固，就连人文社会科学领域的学者，都无法否认文化",
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    {
      "label": "差异的存在和重要性。",
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      "label": "当然，即便我们愿意接受文化主义的某些论点，也不代表必须全盘",
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      "label": "接受它的所有论点。文化主义的许多主张都有三个常见的理论漏洞。第",
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      "label": "一，文化主义者常把地方优势与客观优势混为一谈。例如，在热国的局",
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      "label": "部语境中，热国解决冲突的方式就很可能优于冷国的方式。这种时候，",
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      "label": "如果热国境内的热国企业对内向员工的待遇存在差别也是情有可原的",
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    {
      "label": "(这对冷国移民来说就极为不利)。然而，这并不代表热国的方式在客观",
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      "label": "上更优越。或许热国也能从冷国学到一些东西，而且如果情境有所转变",
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    {
      "label": "(例如，某家热国企业走向全球化，在许多国家开设分公司)，多元化就",
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    {
      "label": "可能突然成为公司的重要优势。",
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      "label": "第二，针对明确的时间、地点及衡量标准，就实际经验而言，文化",
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