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      "label": "民族主义没有答案。就像面对气候变化，当碰上科技颠覆的时候，",
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    {
      "label": "民族国家这种架构无法化解相关威胁。由于研发不是任何一个国家的专",
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    {
      "label": "利，所以就算美国这样的超级大国也不能单独限制科技发展。即便美国",
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    {
      "label": "政府禁止对人类胚胎进行基因改造，中国科学家也不会受到任何影响。",
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    {
      "label": "而且，如果相关研发让中国取得了重要的经济或军事优势，美国就很有",
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    },
    {
      "label": "可能撤销禁令。在这样一个充满无情竞争的世界，落后的代价谁都承受",
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    {
      "label": "不起，所以只要有一个国家选择走上高风险、高回报的科技之路，其他",
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    {
      "label": "国家就会被迫跟进。为了避免这样的向下竞争，人类需要某种全球性的",
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    },
    {
      "label": "认同和忠诚。",
      "points": [
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    {
      "label": "此外，核战争和气候变化威胁的只是人类的生存，但破坏性创新的",
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    {
      "label": "科技却可能改变人类的本质，从而与人类最深层的伦理道德和宗教信仰",
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    {
      "label": "产生纠缠。人人都同意我们应该避免核战争和生态崩溃，但如果讲到要",
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    {
      "label": "用生物工程和人工智能来升级人类，创造新的生命形式，就会众说纷纭。",
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    },
    {
      "label": "如果人类无法制定并执行全球公认的伦理准则，科学怪人满街跑将为时",
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    {
      "label": "不远。",
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    {
      "label": "一说到要制定这样的伦理准则，民族主义遇到的第一个问题就是想",
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    },
    {
      "label": "象力不够。几个世纪以来，民族主义都是以领土争端为思考的出发点，",
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    },
    {
      "label": "但说到21世纪的科技革命，则必须从宇宙宏观的角度才能理解。经过40",
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    },
    {
      "label": "亿年由自然选择造就的有机生命进化之后，科学正在迎来由智能设计塑",
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    {
      "label": "造无机生命的时代。",
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    {
      "label": "在这个过程中，智人本身可能会消失。时至今日，我们仍然是人科",
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    },
    {
      "label": "的一种猿类，与尼安德特人或黑猩猩的身体结构、身体能力和智力依然",
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    },
    {
      "label": "大致类似。我们不仅双手、眼睛和大脑明显属于人科动物，就连各种欲",
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    },
    {
      "label": "望、爱情、愤怒和社会关系也是如此。但在一两个世纪内，生物技术和",
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