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      "label": "民族主义：无法解决全球性问题",
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      "label": "既然现在人类已经构建共同的文明，面对共同的挑战和机会，为什",
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      "label": "么英国、美国、俄罗斯和许多其他群体却走向孤立?回归民族主义，是",
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      "label": "否能真正解决全球化世界面临的前所未有的问题，还是只是逃避现实，",
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      "label": "到头来会让人类和整个生物圈陷入灾难?",
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      "label": "要回答这个问题，首先要消除一个普遍的误解。与一般人所认为的",
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      "label": "不同，民族主义并不是人类心理自然而永恒的一部分，也并非根植于人",
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      "label": "类生物学。的确，人类是一种社会性动物，有对群体忠诚的基因。但几",
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      "label": "十万年前，智人及其原始祖先的生活形态是小型、亲密的社群，人数不",
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      "label": "超过几十人。所以，人类很容易对小型、亲密的群体(如小部落、步兵",
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      "label": "连、家族企业)产生忠诚感，但要让人类对几百万个陌生人产生忠诚感",
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      "label": "是不自然的。这样大规模的忠诚在近几千年才出现(从进化论的角度看，",
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      "label": "几乎就是昨天早上的事)，而且需要社会建设的巨大努力。",
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      "label": "人类之所以不辞辛劳地打造出国家这种共同体，是因为遇到了任何",
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      "label": "部落都无法独自应对的挑战。让我们以几千年前尼罗河沿岸的古老部落",
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      "label": "为例，尼罗河是它们的生命线，灌溉着田地、承载着商业活动。但这个",
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      "label": "盟友随时可能翻脸：雨下得太少，人就会饿死；雨下得太多，河水就会",
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      "label": "个人力，不可能单独解决这个问题，必须同心协力，才能建起大坝，挖",
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      "label": "出长达数百公里的运河，驾驭伟大的尼罗河。这是其中一个原因，让各",
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